Досліджено проблему становлення державної політики щодо ветеранів у США у 1940-1956 роках. Висвітлено процес розробки Закону про права військовослужбовців 1944 року, перебіг публічної дискусії у середовищі політикуму і громадянського суспільства, основні положення закону. Проаналізовано зв"язок між діяльністю держави у сфері підтримки ветеранів та формуванням образу ветерана у суспільній свідомості на прикладі наслідків реалізації G.I. Bill of Rights.
The article explores the incipience of veterans" policies in the United States of America during 1940-1956. This period is notable in veterans" history. This is caused not only by social realities after World War II but by the implementation of brand-new fundamental principles in process of forming veterans" policies. These principles opened a new page in interactions between the government and the veteran community. The article analyzes drafting the Servicemen"s Readjustment Act of 1944, commonly known as the G.I. Bill of Rights, as well as public discussions around it initiated by President Roosevelt"s Administration. One of the main actors of the process was American Legion, influential conservative veterans" organization. The law presented by Legion was passed by Congress. The Act took effect &on June 22, 1944, and lasted until 1956. G.I. Bill of Rights guaranteed numerous benefits for veterans in variable spheres of social policies, including medical care, education, housing and business loans, unemployment compensations. The most signifi&cant effect had educational programs of G.I. Bill. About 8 million American veterans, including women and African Americans, exercised their right to attend schools, colleges, and universities. Educational programs had great implications both for the& veterans" population and social affairs, especially the educational system in the United States. Higher education became more widespread and democratic after the implementation of the G.I. Bill. World War II veterans had the opportunity to realize t&heir potential in different fields, in particular in the political area. G.I. Bill of Rights had a great impact on forming the image of the veteran in the USA. The Act demonstrated the new role of veterans" policies in the context of government activ&ities. Besides, thanks to the educational programs of the G.I. Bill veteran community became a proactive social group that played an important role in the US policy-making in the second half of the 20th century.
