As is well-known, Romania proclaimed its independence in May 1877 and gloriously participated in the war against Turkey. Despite these national history facts, the small Principality faced serious difficulties on the way to the international recognition of its sovereignty. Prince Carol and Prime Minister Br?tianu refused the Russian-Ottoman conditions attached to Romania"s independence by the Treaty of San Stefano. The Romanian statesmen wished for the independence of Romania to be recognized by all theGreat Powers, before the beginning of the preliminaries to the Berlin Congress. Instead of this, the Guaranteeing Powers mutually agreed that the issue referring to Romania"s independence was to be subjected to their deliberations during the Congress. Insuch a situation, Romanian diplomacy had to justify, at the same Congress, the international recognition of the Principality"s independence. Nevertheless, the Great Powers assumed the exclusive latitude for a very tough recognition. Therefore, it is ofgreat historiographical importance to reveal the deliberations of that Congress, which implied in fact a conditional recognition of Romania"s independence.
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