У статті розглядається процес вивчення апотропеїв і нормативів як основної складової системи символічного захисту у повсякденному житті українськими етнографами ХІХ - початку ХХ століття. Автор аналізує підхід до вивчення даної проблеми, методологічні засади науковців, місце апотропеїв і нормативів у дослідженнях представників харківського, київського і львівського етнографічних осередків, які були сформовані на базах місцевих університетів і активно працювали на благо етнографічної науки.
В статье рассматривается процесс изучения апотропеев и нормативов как основной составляющий системы символической защиты в повседневной жизни украинцев ХІХ - начала ХХ столетия. Автор анализирует подход к изучению этой проблемы, методологические принципы, место апотропеев и нормативов в исследованиях представителей харьковского, киевского и львовского этнографических центров, которые были сформированы на базе местных университетов и активно работали на благо этнографической науки.
This paper deals with the process of learning apotropaions and normatives as the major components of the system of symbolic protection in everyday Ukrainian life by Ukrainian ethnographers in XIX - early XX centuries. The author analyzes the approach to the study of this problem, pl&ace of apotropaions and normatives in these research. Roots of interest in the study of Ukrainian folk beliefs, signs and system of symbolic protection as a whole date back to the middle of the eighteenth century. At this time on the basis of educati&onal philosophy formed rational, secular approach to the problem and implemented fi rst, sporadic attempts to collect and describe examples of folk culture. New step of researches was made in the era of Romanticism, when the formation of historical t&hinking, history in general, and popular culture in particular aesthetically-poetically conceptualized in terms of their identity. An important step in the study was the formation of beliefs Ukrainian Kharkov ethnology cell at Kharkiv University, whi&ch was founded in 1805. Since the second half of the 30"s of the nineteenth century. A number of studies of folk beliefs was carried out by scientists, who was grouped around Kyiv University. The development of ethnographic research contributed to th&e founding of Kyiv branch of the Russian Geographical Society and the Commission to describe the provinces of Kyiv Educational District (1851). An important catalyst for the study of beliefs in the early twentieth century Lviv was the formation of et&hnological cell. At this time, the participation of local researchers and prominent cultural fi gures - M. Hrushevskyi, I. Franko, H. Vovk, V. Hnatiuk, F. Kolessa, Z. Kuzelia etc. was found the fi rst Ukrainian ethnological center, which was focused &on the study of popular culture in western regions of Ukraine and the development of typological-comparative methodology based on the principles of comprehensiveness and consistency. The emphasis has been on attention to traditional spiritual culture&, Lviv researchers investigating various aspects apotropaion"s and normative"s systems. In general, the analyzed literature of XIX - early XX century draws attention to focus on the communication of symbolic protection rituals and calendar life cycle&, which is quite natural in view of the characteristic of the contemporary ethnography of the growing interest in ritual culture of Ukrainians.
