Genetic safety is a special state of security of human and environment, in which: a) any unnatural impact on the human genome is absent; b) any unnatural impact on genome of biosphere objects is absent; c) uncontrolled impacts on genome of agricultural plants, animals and industrial microorganisms, which leads to their negative and /or undesirable properties are absent. The object of genetic safety is genome - the entire set of hereditary genetic information of an organism. These objects are human genome and genome of any biosphere objects, including agricultural plants, animals and industrial microorganisms. Legal regulation of genetic safety is ensured primarily at the international level by: a) prohibition of interference in the human genome, aimedat its modification, except when such interference with preventive, therapeutic or diagnostic purposes and only on condition that such intervention is not aimed at changing genome of heirs of the person; b) prohibition of any form of discrimination against a person on grounds of genetic heritage; c) guaranteeing the human right to privacy of genetic data; d) securing the right to fair compensation of any damage caused as a result of the direct and determining influence on his genome; f) prohibition &of human cloning for the purpose of reproduction of the human person, and the cultivation of human embryos for research purposes; e) guaranteeing the preservation of biological diversity, particularly in the process of obtaining, handling, transport,& use, transfer of living modified organisms; g) implementation of the precautionary principle in the study, diagnosis and treatment connected with the genome of any person and the principle of threats avoidance when implementing projects that could s&ignificantly adversely affect the biological and landscape diversity. Ukrainian legislation has specific provisions, aimed at guaranteeing genetic safety by: a) prohibition of reproductive human cloning; b) preventing unnatural impact on genome of bi&osphere objects as a result of genetically modified organisms discharge into environment; c) regulation of genetic engineering activities aimed at modifying genome of agricultural plants, animals and industrial microorganisms. However, provisions of &special laws of Ukraine "On the prohibition of human reproductive cloning" and "On state biosafety system for creating, testing, transportation and use of genetically modified organisms" are mainly declarative. The above mentioned determines the nece&ssity of significant improvement of Ukrainian legislation in the field of genetic safety with regard to international legal requirements.
У статті здійснено аналіз законодавчого визначення поняття "генетична безпека"; з"ясовано сучасний стан міжнаро&дно-правового регулювання поводження з геномом - людини, об"єктів біосфери, сільськогосподарських рослин і тварин; здійснено оцінювання стану законодавства України у вказаній сфері та обґрунтовано рекомендації для його покращення.
В статье проведен &анализ законодательного определения понятия "генетическая безопасность"; выяснено современное состояние международно-правового регулирования обращения с геномом: человека, объектов биосферы, сельскохозяйственных растений и животных; осуществлена оцен&ка состояния законодательства Украины в указанной сфере и обоснованы рекомендации по его улучшению.
